Working Permit Requirements and Approval Criteria for Foreign Employees in Turkey: A 2024 Overview

Turkey's strategic geographical location and growing economy make it a magnet for foreign professionals seeking employment opportunities. However, working in Turkey as a foreign employee requires adhering to a detailed process for obtaining a work permit. As of 2024, both employers and employees need to be aware of updated requirements, application procedures, and approval criteria to ensure successful processing.

General Requirements for Work Permits

To work legally in Turkey, a foreigner must apply for a work permit either from abroad or within the country. The main legislative framework governing this process is the International Labor Law No. 6735. Applications submitted from outside Turkey must be made through Turkish embassies or consulates in the applicant's home country, while in-country applications are typically for residence permit holders.

Foreign employees must first secure a valid employment contract or job offer from a Turkish employer. The employer then applies for the work permit on behalf of the employee via the Turkish Ministry of Labor and Social Security (MoLSS). Key documents include the employee's passport, biometric photo, job contract, and a diploma translated into Turkish. The employer must also provide information about the business's tax obligations, trade registry, and workforce structure.

Employer's Responsibility and Quotas

A significant criterion for approval is the employer's compliance with Turkey's employment quota for foreign workers. According to Turkish regulations, for every foreign employee hired, the employer must have at least five Turkish nationals on the payroll. This quota ensures that hiring foreigners does not limit opportunities for local workers. Exceptions to this rule may apply to specific sectors, such as tourism or where the foreign worker holds specialized skills in high demand.

Work Permit Types

Turkey offers several types of work permits based on the foreign employee's duration of stay and work status:

1. Temporary Work Permit: Granted for one year initially, renewable for up to two years, and extended for three years thereafter.

2. Permanent Work Permit: For foreign employees who have legally worked in Turkey for at least eight years.

3. Independent Work Permit: For professionals wishing to operate their own business in Turkey.

4. Turquoise Card: A special permit for highly skilled workers, investors, or individuals contributing significantly to Turkey's economy.

Approval Criteria and Processing Time

Key approval criteria include the employee's qualifications, the employer’s compliance with legal and tax obligations, and the company’s workforce composition. The MoLSS also prioritizes applications from industries facing skills shortages or those contributing to national interests, like technology or education.

Approval timelines generally range from 60 to 90 days, though expedited processing is possible in certain circumstances. It is essential to ensure that all documentation is accurate and complete to avoid delays or rejections.

Understanding Turkey's stringent but structured work permit requirements is crucial for ensuring compliance and securing employment opportunities in the country.